mold facts

Links for Mold Research

Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers (BAQ Guide) - epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/baqtoc.html

Building Air Quality Action Plan (for Commercial Buildings) - epa.gov/iaq/largebldgs/actionpl.html 

Floods/Flooding - epa.gov/iaq/pubs/flood.html 

For more subject-specific links, go to:  epa.gov/iaq/schools/links.html, or epa.gov/iaq/asthma/links.html, or epa.gov/iaq/moreinfo.html.

Damp Buildings and Health

For information on damp buildings and health effects, see the 2004 Institute of Medicine Report, Damp Indoor Spaces and Health, published by The National Academies Press in Washington, DC. 

You can read a description of the report and purchase a copy at http://fermat.nap.edu/catalog/11011.html

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC's), and other government resources:

1. National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) has a toll-free telephone number for information and FAXs, including a list of publications: NCEH Health Line 1-888-232-6789.

2. CDC's "Molds in the Environment" Factsheet www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm                        

3. Stachybotrys or Stachybotrys atra (chartarum) and health effects
www.cdc.gov/mold/stachy.htm

4. FEMA: Removing Mold from Your Home www.fema.gov/rebuild/recover/mold.shtm

Antimicrobial Information Hotline
www.epa.gov/oppad001/ 
(703) 308-0127/(703) 308-6467(FAX)
Monday-Friday 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM EST
email: Info_Antimicrobial@epa.gov 

The Antimicrobials Information Hotline provides answers to questions concerning current antimicrobial issues (disinfectants, fungicides, others) regulated by the pesticide law, rules and regulations.

These cover interpretation laws, rules, and regulations, and registration and re-registration of antimicrobial chemicals and products.

The Hotline also provide information health & safety issues on registered antimicrobial products, product label and the proper and safe use of these antimicrobial products

The publication, "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home"
Available in PDF (PDF, 20 pp, 278KB About PDF) [EPA 402-K-02-003]Una Breve Guía para el Moho, la Humedad y su Hogar está disponible en el formato PDF (PDF, 20 pp, 796KB About PDF). 

Documento de la agencia EPA número 402-K-03-008.
The publication, "Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings", is also available in PDF (PDF, 54 pp, 5MB About PDF) [EPA 402-K-01-001, March 2001]

An Office Building Occupant's Guide to IAQ -
epa.gov/iaq/pubs/occupgd.html 

Biological Contaminants -
epa.gov/iaq/biologic.html

Additional Resources and Links for Mold Research

SMI Website References:

EPA guidelines to Mold Prevention and Treatment : Environmental Protection Agency website.

CDC Guidelines for Mold: Center of Disease Control website.

Ammann, H. A. 1999. Microbial volatile organic compounds, p. 26-1 to 26-17. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

Anonymous. 1994. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants--Cleveland, January 1993-November 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 43:881-3.

Anonymous. 2002. Adverse human health effects associated with molds in the indoor environment. American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (www.acoem.org), Arlington Heights,IL.

Anonymous. November 2000. Guidelines on Assessment and Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments. New York City Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental & Occupational Disease Epidemiology (www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/epi/moldrpt1.html), New York City, NY.

Anonymous. April 1998. Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov), Washington, DC.

Anonymous. March 2001. Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings, EPA 402-K-01-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency (www.epa.gov/iaq), Washington, DC.

Anonymous. March 2000. Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/asthma/factsheets/molds/default.htm), Atlanta, GA.

Anonymous. 1999. Report of the CDC Working Group on Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Hemosiderosis. Published online at http://www.cdc.gov/od/ads/pulhem_inf.htm.Anonymous. 1998. Toxic effects of indoor molds.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Environmental Health. Pediatrics. 101:712-4.

Anonymous. 2000. Update: pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants--Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 49:180-4.

Anonymous. 1997. Update: pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants--Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 46:33-5.Bennett, J. W., and M. Klich. 2003. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 16:497-516.

Burge, H. A., and H. A. Ammann. 1999. Fungal toxins and beta-(1-3)-D-glucans, p. 24-1 to 24-13. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

Etzel, R. A., E. Montana, W. G. Sorenson, G. J. Kullman, T. M. Allan, D. G. Dearborn, D. R. Olson, B. B. Jarvis, and J. D. Miller. 1998. Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 152:757-62.

Flappan, S. M., J. Portnoy, P. Jones, and C. Barnes. 1999. Infant pulmonary hemorrhage in a suburban home with water damage and mold (Stachybotrys atra). Environ Health Perspect. 107:927-30.

Hintikka, E.-L. 1977. Stachybotryotoxicosis as a veterinary problem, p. 277-284. In J. V. Rodricks, D. W. Hesseltine, and M. A. Mehlman (ed.), Mycotoxins in Human and Animal Health. Pathotox Publishers, Park Forest South, Illinois.

Kuhn, D. M., and M. A. Ghannoum. 2003. Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: Infectious disease perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev. 16:144-72.

Miller, J. D., T. G. Rand, and B. B. Jarvis. 2003. Stachybotrys chartarum: cause of human disease or media darling? Med Mycol. 41:271-291.

Montana, E., R. A. Etzel, T. Allan, T. E. Horgan, and D. G. Dearborn. 1997. Environmental risk factors associated with pediatric idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in a Cleveland community. Pediatrics. 99:E5.

Nikulin, M., K. Reijula, B. B. Jarvis, and E. L. Hintikka. 1996. Experimental lung mycotoxicosis in mice induced by Stachybotrys atra. Int J Exp Pathol. 77:213-8.

Pitt, J. I. 2000. Toxigenic fungi: which are important? Med Mycol. 38:17-22.

Pitt, J. I., J. C. Basilico, M. L. Abarca, and C. Lopez. 2000. Mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi. Med Mycol. 38:41-46.

Rose, C. S. 1999. Antigens, p. 25-1 to 25-11. In J. Macher, H. A. Ammann, H. A. Burge, D. K. Milton, and P. R. Morey (ed.), Bioaerosols: Assessment and Control. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (www.acgih.org), Cincinnati, OH.

Vesper, S. J., M. L. Magnuson, D. G. Dearborn, I. Yike, and R. A. Haugland. 2001. Initial characterization of the hemolysin stachylysin from Stachybotrys chartarum. Infect Immun. 69:912-916